The pandemic had crashed the entire world both in terms of health and economy again. With the increase in mortality rate worldwide, countries like India, USA and UK have already started the production of vaccines and the other countries have started importing the vaccines for use. With successful trials many vaccines have got approvals and some are in the list waiting to get the approval.
Therefore, the COVID vaccines which are mostly in use around the world:
1) Pfizer – BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine
Pfizer tops the list as the widely used vaccines around the world. This vaccine is jointly manufactured by the Pfizer and BioNTech. The trade name for the vaccine is Comirnaty. This vaccine is mRNA vaccine and it is administered through the intramuscular region in the body.
The company claims that it is 95% effective in the prevention. In a recent trial conducted in teenagers from 12-15, 100% efficacy was reported for the vaccine. This vaccine is still not approved or licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but it has been authorized for usage under emergency situations.
2) Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine
This vaccine is known by the codename mRNA-1273. This vaccine is jointly developed by Moderna and the United States National Institute of Allergy and BARDA. It is manufactured by ModernaTX,Inc. Like Pfizer, it is also an mRNA vaccine and it is administered through intramuscular region. It is used for people above 18 years of age.
94.1% efficacy is reported after the administration of the second dose.
3) Sputnik V Vaccine
The Sputnik V vaccine is developed and manufactured by the Gamaleya Research Institute which is located in Russia. This vaccine is a vector vaccine based on adenovirus DNA. Unlike Pfizer and Moderna which is single stranded, Sputnik V is double stranded.
According to some reports this vaccine is believed to be 91.6% effective. This vaccine has the ability to fight SARS-CoV-2 virus.
4) Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine
This vaccine is also known as Janssen Vaccine. It is developed by Janssen Vaccines in Netherlands which comes under Janssen Pharmaceuticals which is the subsidiary of American Company Johnson and Johnson.
Like Sputnik V this vaccine is a viral vector type. It is administered through intramuscular region of the body.
This vaccine is only approved for emergency use. It was proved to be 66.3% effective in clinical trials.
5) Sinovac COVID-19 Vaccine
Sinovac is also known as the CoronaVac. It is developed by the Chinese pharmaceutical company Sinovac Biotech. It is an inactivated form of virus which is injected through intramuscular part. The technology of vaccine shares similarity with Covaxin and BBIP-CorV vaccines.
The Final phase III trial conducted in Turkey showed 84% efficiency in the vaccine.
6) Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine
It is also known as BBIBP-CorV vaccine. Like SinoVac it is also in the form of an inactivated virus developed by Sinopharm’s Beijing Institute of Biological Products. The vaccine completed the Phase III trials with over 60000 participants in various countries.51% efficacy has been reported in case of symptomatic disease for this vaccine.
7) EpiVacCorona vaccine
The EpiVacCorona vaccine is developed by the VECTOR center of Virology, Russia. It is a peptide based vaccine which are the components of protein. The three peptides are mixed up to form a large protein complex which is injected. It is claimed that it can immunize people against Sars-CoV-2 and produce antibodies in them. It is injected through intramuscular route.
8) Covaxin Vaccine
The Covaxin is the India’s indigenous COVID-19 vaccine which is developed by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with National Institute of Virology (NIV) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). This vaccine is inactivated viral vaccine which does not replicate.
This vaccine is administered to people above 18 years of age. After phase III trials, an efficacy of 81% have been reported in this vaccine.
Various countries have started the development and trials to increase efficiency of vaccines. With the increase in number of more variants of the virus, it has become a bit more challenging for the world. But, ongoing trials can get us to a point for a permanent solution to cope up with the situation.
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